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This controversial method of studying smart was a hot topic in 2009, when a psych professor at Washington University in St. Louis published an article in Psychological Science advising students against previously held good study habits of reading and rereading textbooks, which, he argued, can lead people to think they know material better than they do because everything is right in front of them (and does not require memorization). He suggested instead that students use active recall: closing the book and reciting everything they can remember up to that point to practice long-term memorization.

Use active recall